在焊接機(jī)器人焊接過(guò)程中，當(dāng)電極與焊接方向的夾角為90度時(shí)，電弧集中，熔池溫度高；角度小，電弧分散，熔池溫度較低。例如，做12mm平焊縫封底層時(shí)，焊條的角度應(yīng)控制在50-70度，以降低熔池溫度，避免背面焊接磕碰或浪涌。

In the welding process of welding robot, when the included angle between electrode and welding direction is 90 degrees, the arc is concentrated and the molten pool temperature is high; Small angle, dispersed arc and low bath temperature. For example, when making 12mm flat weld back sealing layer, the angle of welding rod shall be controlled at 50-70 degrees to reduce the temperature of molten pool and avoid back welding bump or surge.

其次，要嚴(yán)格控制焊接機(jī)器人系統(tǒng)的引弧時(shí)間。斷弧頻率和燃弧時(shí)間直接影響熔池溫度。由于管壁薄，承受電弧熱的能力有限。如果放慢斷弧頻率，降低熔池溫度，容易產(chǎn)生縮孔，所以只能利用電弧燃燒時(shí)間來(lái)控制熔池溫度，避免很高的內(nèi)部焊縫或形成焊道在管道中。

Secondly, the arc striking time of welding robot system should be strictly controlled. The arc breaking frequency and arc burning time directly affect the bath temperature. Due to the thin pipe wall, the ability to withstand arc heat is limited. If the arc breaking frequency is slowed down and the weld pool temperature is reduced, it is easy to produce shrinkage. Therefore, the arc combustion time can only be used to control the weld pool temperature to avoid high internal welds or weld beads in the pipeline.

一般情況下，焊接機(jī)器人應(yīng)根據(jù)焊接間隙的位置和焊接水平選擇焊接電流和焊條直徑。焊接時(shí)選擇的焊接電流和電極直徑較大，垂直和水平位置較小。只有這樣，才能更容易地控制熔池的溫度，使焊縫形成。

Generally, the welding robot should select the welding current and electrode diameter according to the position of welding gap and welding level. When welding, the welding current and electrode diameter are larger, and the vertical and horizontal positions are smaller. Only in this way can the temperature of the molten pool be controlled more easily to form the weld.

焊接機(jī)器人采用內(nèi)置焊鉗，焊接變壓器安裝在焊鉗后面，所以變壓器要盡量小。對(duì)于容量較小的變壓器，可以采用50Hz供電頻率的交流電，而對(duì)于容量較大的變壓器，已經(jīng)采用逆變技術(shù)將交流電從50Hz的供電頻率變?yōu)榻涣?00-700Hz，從而減小了變壓器的體積。電壓一經(jīng)變換，可直接用600-700Hz交流電焊接，也可二次整流后用直流電焊接。焊接參數(shù)使用定時(shí)器設(shè)置，見(jiàn)圖1b。新的計(jì)時(shí)器已經(jīng)過(guò)微計(jì)算，因此機(jī)器人控制柜可以直接控制計(jì)時(shí)器，無(wú)需額外的接口。點(diǎn)焊機(jī)器人的焊鉗通常使用氣動(dòng)焊鉗，氣動(dòng)焊鉗的兩個(gè)電極之間的間隙一般只有兩級(jí)。另外，電極壓力一旦建立，就不能隨意改變。近年來(lái)出現(xiàn)了一種新型的伺服電動(dòng)點(diǎn)焊槍。焊槍開(kāi)合由伺服電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)，編碼器反饋，可根據(jù)實(shí)際需要任意選擇和預(yù)設(shè)焊槍開(kāi)度。

The welding robot adopts a built-in welding clamp, and the welding transformer is installed behind the welding clamp, so the transformer should be as small as possible. For transformers with small capacity, AC power supply frequency of 50Hz can be used, while for transformers with large capacity, inverter technology has been used to change AC power supply frequency from 50Hz to AC 600-700hz, thus reducing the volume of the transformer. Once the voltage is changed, it can be directly welded with 600-700hz AC or DC after secondary rectification. The welding parameters are set by timer, as shown in Figure 1b. The new timer has been micro calculated, so the robot control cabinet can directly control the timer without additional interface. The welding tongs of spot welding robot usually use pneumatic welding tongs, and the gap between the two electrodes of pneumatic welding tongs is generally only two levels. In addition, once the electrode pressure is established, it cannot be changed at will. In recent years, a new type of servo electric spot welding gun has emerged. The opening and closing of the welding gun is driven by the servo motor and fed back by the encoder. The opening of the welding gun can be arbitrarily selected and preset according to the actual needs.

焊接機(jī)器人

welding robot 

根據(jù)以往的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，焊接機(jī)器人使用圓形帶鋼時(shí)熔池溫度高于月牙形帶鋼的溫度，而月牙形帶鋼的溫度高于鋸齒形帶鋼的溫度跳閘。隨著凹槽兩側(cè)的振蕩和停頓幅度，熔池溫度得到有效控制。

According to previous experience, when the welding robot uses circular strip steel, the molten pool temperature is higher than that of crescent strip steel, and the temperature of crescent strip steel is higher than that of sawtooth strip steel. With the oscillation and pause amplitude on both sides of the groove, the molten pool temperature can be effectively controlled.

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